January 07, 2010REPOST: Senate Health Care Bill Contains $1.25 Billion Gift To Sen. StabenowHi readers. I'm reposting this--something I've never done before--because this post originally went up during the dead week between Christmas and New Year's and, given its assertions, it's worth posting again since few people saw it last week. Or at least that's the opinion of some journalist friends of mine who've read the piece. Oddly enough, Sen. Stabenow's office has still not answered question I put to them about this situation almost two weeks ago. There's been a lot of coverage of amendments to the recently-passed Senate health care reform bill over the last 10 days, especially the Medicare giveaways for the State of Nebraska reportedly employed to capture the support of Sen. Ben Nelson (D-Nebraska) as well as giveaways to other Democratic senators. But one provision of the amendments, which were introduced on December 19, has escaped notice of the mainstream media and the political blogosphere alike. That would be $1.25 billion included in the amendments, apparently to secure the vote of Michigan Senator Debbie Stabenow. Sen. Stabenow, a Democrat, was a passionate advocate for the so-called public option who voted to support a bill without a public option in exchange for inclusion of $1.25 billion in new federal spending to support "centers of excellence" in depression treatment. (A list of so-called cash for cloture is here.) In October, Stabenow introduced the so-called ENHANCED Act of 2009 on the Senate floor. But the Act was not included in the original Senate health care reform bill. Instead, it showed up virtually unnoticed in the manager's amendment (as the Senate amendments are known) on December 19. Was this inclusion in exchange for Sen. Stabenow's vote? What would these depression centers do (the relevant text begins on page 277)? Are they really needed? Depression is, after all, a well-researched and understood phenomenon and has been for decades and billions of dollars federal, state and pharma have been focused upon it. Why does the Senator believe that depression and bipolar disorder exist at twice the rate as does NIH? Is she engaging in scare tactics? How would these centers improve access to health insurance coverage for uninsured Americans, which is what I thought health care reform was supposed to be about? Why is Sen. Stabenow proposing to spend $1.25 billion and saying, as she did in a floor speech, "My bill is based on work done informally" by the University of Michigan and 16 other academic centers? Shouldn't taxpayers, much less other senators, have a reasonable expectation that whatever program Sen. Stabenow proposes would be based on formal studies that a network of depression centers of excellence can make a marked improvement of some kind in depression treatment. Perhaps the Senator is resting on informal work because the formal, peer-reviewed, published evidence for current depression treatments shows that they don't work especially well, as I'll outline later in this post. I made repeated requests for comment to Sen. Stabenow's office to clarify all of this. To date, I have received no reply. THE ENHANCHED ACT OF 2009, A SENATOR'S EXCESSIVE CLAIMS The ENHANCED Act is of course an acronym, in this case for "Establishing a Network of Health-Advancing National Centers of Excellence for Depression Act of 2009." The Act (here it is as introduced in the Senate on October 22, 2009) encompasses both depression and bipolar disorder, which has depressive episodes as one of its hallmarks. The Act's goals, as expressed in the amendment, are for the centers to: "Each Center shall— ‘‘(A) integrate basic, clinical, or health services interdisciplinary research and practice in the development, implementation, and dissemination of evidence-based interventions; ‘‘(B) involve a broad cross-section of stakeholders, such as researchers, clinicians, consumers, families of consumers, and voluntary health organizations, to develop a research agenda and disseminate findings, and to provide support in the implementation of evidence-based practices; ‘‘(C) provide training and technical assistance to mental health professionals, and engage in and disseminate translational research with a focus on meeting the needs of individuals with depressive disorders; and ‘‘(D) educate policy makers, employers, community leaders, and the public about depressive disorders to reduce stigma and raise awareness of treatments. ‘‘(2) IMPROVED TREATMENT STANDARDS, CLINICAL GUIDELINES, DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS, AND CARE COORDINATION PRACTICE.—Each Center shall collaborate with other Centers in the network to— ‘‘(A) develop and implement treatment standards, clinical guidelines, and protocols that emphasize primary prevention, early intervention, treatment for, and recovery from, depressive disorders; ‘‘(B) foster communication with other providers attending to co-occurring physical health conditions such as cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, and substance abuse disorders;" The Act as it appears in the amendment is a bit more watered down than its October version. Then it had language that would in essence seek to increase the number of Americans diagnosed with depression, as well as the number of Americans treated for depression and bipolar disorder. Sen. Stabenow also claimed in her floor speech that too many Americans went undiagnosed and untreated. Really? With 30 million Americans taking an anti-depressant every day? I don't buy that for a minute. I'll come to all the evidence-based interventions and practices in a moment. Anyway, the Act would reach its ends by granting, in its first five years, $500 million to 20 universities or non-profits to work in the community to spread the word about depression and get folks into "evidence-based" treatment. More on the evidence in a minute. These centers, modeled on the University of Michigan's Depression Center, would get $5 million a year apiece for five years. In its second five years, the Act would fund 30 depression centers for five years at $5 million apiece per year for a total of $750 million. That brings the total for the 10-year life of the Act to $1.25 billion. What university psychiatry department wouldn't want a piece of that action? In her October 22 floor speech introducing the Act (officially S. 1857), Sen. Stabenow stated: "Depression and bipolar disorders affect one of every five people in the United States...." That's a wildly inflated claim regarding the prevalence of depression and bipolar disorder in America. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates major depression affects 6.7 percent of adults in America at any one time and that bipolar disorder (types 1 and 2) affect 2.6 percent of adults in America at any one time. That works out to 9.3 percent of adult Americans. Why is Sen. Stabenow more than doubling the rate of depression and bipolar disorder in America? What is the source of her prevalence claim? Her office did not return repeated requests for comment. Personally, I think the Senator either doesn't know what she's talking about or was fed a bum steer by someone in the world of mental health advocacy. After she concluded her floor speech, Sen. Stabenow had introduced into the Congressional Record letters of support from the following mental health advocacy groups: Mental Health America, the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (Scroll to the bottom of her speech to read them.) Mental Health America is one of almost three dozen medical advocacy groups currently under investigation by Sen. Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) for undisclosed contributions from pharmaceutical companies. Sen. Stabenow also made other excessive claims in her speech. "Clinicians lack universally accepted multi-disciplinary approaches and real-time clinical and care management guidelines." The American Psychiatric Association has a set of easily-accessible guidelines for the treatment of depression. I'm sure psychiatrists, PCPs and family physicians know where to find them. While I don't necessarily endorse them, to claim that guidelines don't exist is flat wrong. What's more, in recent years NIMH has completed two separate long-term, real-world clinical trials of both depression treatments, including medications and psychotherapy, and treatments for bipolar disorder. The trials are called STAR*D and STEP-BD, respectively. Their results have been widely-disseminated in the medical literature. It strikes me as re-inventing the wheel to fund 30 depression centers at $1.25 billion over 10 years when much of what the Senator argues for is already well-researched, understood by clinicians and mental health workers and is already abroad in the land. How well it all works is a different story. The Senator also played the suicide card in her floor speech. "And tragically, one of the preventable costs of undiagnosed, untreated and undertreated depression is suicide. The World Health Organization recently reported that suicide causes more deaths around the world every year than homicide or war. Across all age groups nationwide, more than 90 percent of those who commit suicide have a diagnosable psychiatric illness at the time of death: usually depression, alcohol abuse or both. Clearly, we need better diagnostic approaches to depression in primary care, other medical settings, and mental health programs." No mention, of course, of the role that some depression treatments can play in suicide and suicidality (I refer to the black box warnings on all anti-depressants and growing body of research showing links between anti-depressants and suicidality, especially in teens and young adults). There's even some evidence that suicidality in the STAR*D trials may have been covered up. No mention either of the increasing evidence base showing that anti-depressants are linked to a range of ailments such as sudden cardiac death, especially in women. (need link here) No mention that the 1999 HHS initiative Healthy People 2010 has utterly failed to meet its goal of a 50 reduction in the suicide rate (it's about the same as in 1999, give or take), despite leaning very heavily on precisely the kinds of education and interventions that Sen. Stabenow seeks to enshrine in health care reform. WHY SPEND $1.25 BILLION TO PROMOTE WEAK TECHNOLOGY, CORRUPT EVIDENCE BASE? As I've noted on this site often over the last four-plus years, when it comes to depression treatment we are working with weak technology. For example, in the STAR*D depression trials--funded by NIMH--researchers found that the best anti-depressant treatment could muster was about a 30 percent effect size and things were even worse for anti-depressants in the NIMH-funded STEP-BD trials of treatments for bipolar disorder where placebo outperformed anti-depressants. Psychotherapy, in particular CBT, performs in the 30 percent-ish effectiveness range as well. What's more, the evidence base for depression (and other treatments) is notoriously corrupt. For instance a recent study found that the authors of the APA's practice guidelines (for several disorders) were deeply-tied to pharma monies. And a 2008 study by OHSU psychiatrist Erick Turner found that the pharmaceutical industry had significantly overstated the efficacy of anti-depressants for decades by keeping negative trials of anti-depressants unpublished. Meanwhile, Sen. Stabenow's colleague Sen. Grassley has been exposing academic researchers who are making millions from pharma companies while doing federal research on depression (and other disorders) and not disclosing the same, bringing into question the quality of the evidence base. (The two senators should talk. Seriously. My extensive Sen. Grassley back catalogue is here.) So what evidence base and what excellent methods Sen. Stabenow is exactly proposing to spread across the land with $1.25 billion escapes me. If you go to the University of Michigan's Depression Center looking for something new and innovative, you're going to walk away disappointed. The center's web page for depression and treatments reads like pretty much anything else you've ever read on any other center or advocacy group's website. Causes of depression? Unknown. Treatments? Medications, CBT, interpersonal therapy and, ick, ECT. Not a single mention of diet or exercise that I could find. That's kind of interesting in light of the fact that the UK's National Health Service has backed away from meds as first line depression treatments in recent years and begun to emphasize watchful waiting, diet and exercise and, then, psychotherapy as treatments in advance of using medications in treating mild to moderate depression. Anyone seen a spike in depression or suicide in the UK as a result? Didn't think so. So much of what Sen. Stabenow is proposing sounds like it's straight out of 1993, back when anti-depressants were assumed to always work and had no side effects whatsoever and taking them was really, really good for you. We know better now. Or at least you do. Look, we've been chasing our tail in America for the last 20 years or so trying to address depression, but it's a race that appears to have been run. While I cannot question Sen. Stabenow's good intentions, I can question the cost of these depression centers and what they would actually accomplish much less their inclusion in a health coverage reform bill. It'll be interesting to see how this all gets sorted out, or not, in the House-Senate conference committee next month. Posted by Philip Dawdy at January 7, 2010 12:03 AM
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I was thinking about this repost as I was walking my dog just now, thinking that maybe Americans are incapable of synthesis. After all, beyond the commenters on this blog, how many people are going to consider this piece along with the preceding piece about the ineffectiveness of SSRI's? How many will look at the fact that the reason insurance companies don't pay for psychotherapy beyond a certain amount of visits is because data proves it's not helpful? How many are even capable of seeing beyond the black and white for or against all health care reform to the real issues? Very few I fear. This reminds me of the national and international news I was listening to on my walk, ipod, about how the "underwear terrorist" and the various US agencies' inability to synthesize information to prevent this guy from getting on a plane, of the business community's failure to see the real estate and economic collapse when it was right in front of them and on and on. Posted by: Sally at January 7, 2010 05:05 AMHmm. Some people might think the bill contains a $1.25 billion gift to people who suffer from depression and their families. But probably those people are ignorant, or in the pocket of the drug companies, or high on seroquel, right? Captain Caveman, If the bill contained direct financial aid to citizens, a lot of the problems people labeled as having depression report like poverty and inability to get real medical care and dental care would be solved. In fact if we just took 1.25 billion dollars and divided it between each citizen instead of starting some government program, we could really help a lot of people. Never happen. Better to pay psychologists to monitor the unhappy but at least some new construction will probably be doled out which will trickle down to a few new construction jobs and palms of political cronies all the way will be greased on the dime of the US citizen. Posted by: Sally at January 9, 2010 06:23 AMI guess the idea of this being a gift is bizarre in this way to, these are not going be free therapy centers and they're not going to be places where you can get drugs for free. I wasn't aware that people who believe they suffer from depression and their families feel that there are not enough places to get treatment in existence. I think their problem is that they can't afford the treatment, again they don't want or need more mental health providers they want or need more money to pay for the "treatment" that already exists and perhaps to fully staff state and local mental health centers already in existence. The only people carping that more money is needed are folks that think more inpatient treatment is needed, and again, like our current state mental hospitals, that's not free to the "patient." And furthermore, why depression centers, why not aging centers, daycare centers, obesity centers, diabetes centers, even cancer centers...why does depression get a special gift when their are so many other at the very least equally important areas of need to "give" 1.25 billion tax dollars? Posted by: Sally at January 9, 2010 07:37 AMThe 1.25 billion does not go to people with depression and their families. It goes toward the creation of more bureaucracy. If you want it, you pay for it. Posted by: Lisa at January 9, 2010 08:35 AMI recently found out that my med cocktail for less than a year cost my insurance company $15,000. My inpatient hospital stay for only TWO DAYS, was $10,000. My visits to the outpatient psych doc were around $2,000 for the year. For that kind of money, I expect to be dancing a jig every day. I guarantee you I'd have been a lot less "depressed" if someone had given me that money instead of the "treatment" which made me suicidal. Posted by: kimbriel at January 9, 2010 12:34 PMKimbriel, I feel your pain. I remember when I saw one of my psych hospital bills. I called my insurance company and suggested that they might want to come investigate the hospital so they could see what they're paying for. Also, this is why psych patients are threatened that they won't be able to go outside or loss of various other "privileges" if they don't attend the groups - the hospitals can't bill for services not rendered and this is a lot of money to them. Especially if you have multiple groups a day - we had morning goals group, wrap-up group, etc. The patients are half asleep. They can hire someone at minimum wage and bill for all this stupidity. As my former psychiatrist said the groups are a cheap way for them to entertain patients. There's no telling how much money my insurance company and I paid for all the worthless drug cocktails, the hospitalizations, etc over the years. I can't blame insurance companies for being resistant to paying for mental health care. I wouldn't pay it either, or at the minimum I would expect that there be some indication that the services provided are actually helping the patients. Posted by: Lisa at January 9, 2010 05:30 PMI'm bankrupt from paying those bills, the per day billing is outrageous, and yeah, for what? $20,000 cash out to one inpatient hospital a decade ago--the groups are diversion at best and a freaky control requirement for discharge. The money spent in a decade, is unfathomable, all for ending up in a state funded institution for my daughter. Obama and his minions will never experience this, and will never relate to real people; ever. Posted by: Stephany at January 9, 2010 07:34 PMGroups only serve two purposes. 1. A venue to monitor patients behaviour and score them (e.g: are you taking your meds?) 2. They are billable. Sally, I'm so on board with all the comments above. I am appalled at what Medicare and my insurance has paid out over the years. Once hospitalization in the early 1990s cost over $58,000. And I was lucky to have survived the vengeful "treatment" of the presiding egomaniac. The fact it was mostly for a condition that is treatable with ten dollars a month medication and one or two blood tests a year is unconscienceable (which I've probably spelled wrong) and really puts the icing on the cake for me. Yet when I called my local mental health center (you know, those places Dear Abby's always telling people will treat them for no or low cost, the ones supported by our tax dollars) and asked for help because I was remembering mother-daughter incest (yes Virginia, I have PTSD in addition to hypothyroidism) and was actively suicidal I was told "We charge $90 an hour." This was in 1990. I begged for help, told them "I feel as if I'm falling off a cliff." "$90 an hour" was all I got for a response, not even a phone contact or referral. My therapist friends, meanwhile, were being paid $20 an hour by this agency with no benefits and no pay for the time spent doing paperwork--they get a room and the right to draw clients from the pool. Of course, it could have been worse. I might actually have gotten "services" from them. Sherry, You're right, the US Department of Labor publishes a book called the Dictionary of Occupational Titles in which it assigns a 9 digit code to all jobs it recognizes and again you're right that synthesizing information is one of the code numbers. Of course like all government data this document is incredibly accurate and relevant having not been updated since 1991. There's supposed to be a migration to ONET, but it's never really happened. Meanwhile, the reason most people labeled as mentally ill are able to get disability is because if you believe the DSM, correlated with the DOT, a math formula folks for your disability checks, then it's because we can't synthesize information. Posted by: Sherry at January 10, 2010 08:25 AMHuh, That last post about the DOT was by me, Sally, not Sherry. Sorry for any confusion. Posted by: Sally at January 10, 2010 12:26 PMcaptain caveman: The thing is, if you're going to spend a large amount of money, purportedly to address a stated problem, it makes sense to get as much value as you can out of that money. Whereas it sounds like they're mostly just fucking around with this bill. Why reinvent the wheel? There are organizations _already in existence_, that have ties to communities, that can use that money. There is a shortage of mental health services in some places (south-central Wisconsin, for example); i know of people who have gone inpatient just to see a psychiatrist, because their schedules were all full for over a month. And others who couldn't get into inpatient drug and alcohol rehab because there were no openings. The proposed solution is dumb because it lacks flexibility. And what's the point of a gift if it doesn't end up helping people? Sherry, Actually, my best friends is also named Sherry. We often forget this is unusual, until we show up together at a hotel or workshop registration desk and give our names. The stunned stare usually clues us back in and we assure the registrar no, we are not joking. I cannot believe they haven't updated the DOT yet. That's pretty amazing, really. Our state is notorious for screwing up every computer system or major change they attempt. They once bought a software package from the state of Connecticut that sorted jobs ala DOT. Clients were encouraged to use the system to explore career options. They came out with a list of all the jobs that had Data, Person and Thing codes that match their level of functioning and below. Sounds great, except... all the DPT numbers were backwards. Clients were given lists that had jobs on their functional level and ABOVE it. The less functional you were, the more career "opportunities" you were given. If you had an IQ of 80 and were exceptionally clumsy why, you too could be a brain surgeon. The really funny thing is that it took three years before anyone noticed! My colleagues were actually very smart people but we were all so used to the state screwing up anything computer related no one thought to examine these lists. The clients were probably mostly bewildered. The DOL job descriptions never worked well for us because we were in a rural and largely impoverished job market so everyone had to do five different jobs at once. I remember the DOT as being quite a marvelous little engine if you were able to figure out how to use it. I went to a three-day workshop (your tax dollars at work) and in true "use it or lose it" fashion the big book ended up being a doorstop in my office, too. In our state Voc Rehab does disability determination. I always wondered what cookbook they used. I should have figured it out. The Dis. Determination Unit (DDU) was where they put Voc Rehab people who were half a step from disability. It was your last stop. (I went to grad school instead.) I suppose that was actually a kindness because at least you learned how to fill out your application. Special Ed was where the state put the people who were inept and incompetent or just plain strange. Sometimes they used it as a holding tank for someone from Central Office who lost their job in a cutback. They'd keep them there until they could bring them back to home base. My knowledge of agencies and how they function enabled me to survive my 25 years in the mental health system. It also caused me to ask too many questions so I was kind of a marked woman most of the time. It was very odd, being on both sides of the desk. Posted by: Sherry at January 10, 2010 03:26 PMThank you Lisa. And with mental health treatment there's no end in sight. How can one ever be happy enough? At least with diabetes, they can measure your blood sugar and see that the drugs are working. With cancer, the cells metastasize or go away. But mental health treatment? If a patient doesn't respond, it's the illness. If they get worse, it's the illness. If they get better, well then thank god for psychopharmacology, but you'll still need to be taking that mix forever and come in to see your doctor at least every few months. It's such a racket. Posted by: kimbriel at January 10, 2010 06:52 PMIn all of this, what I take away is that there will be no increased reform or help for people with bipolar disorder, since depression is only half the story. That's a sad fact, as bipolar disorder affects 2.6% of our population. In addition, antidepressants are not effective (by themselves) for people with bipolar disorder, and can even trigger a manic episode in them. I think this is all a bunch of scare tactics to cover up alot of money given to the wrong person. Posted by: Steve at January 11, 2010 09:42 AMSteve, Isn't there a fight to get all depression classified as bipolar spectrum disorder? I think the battle for funding between depression and bipolar does have a lot of money involved, but don't worry, just as the increase in bipolar diagnoses is linked to the fact that when someone gets "treated" for drug and alcohol abuse double billing is available to the provider on those labeled dual diagnosis drug and alcohol addicted and bipolar, a chronic condition which means the payor can't look for some pesky cure as an excuse to withhold the big bucks, if the government money swings back to depression your diagnosis will probably get converted and you'll take whatever drug the pharmaceutical companies can make the biggest profit on. If you're currently on lithium, look to be converted to depression and don't worry, it's treated with the group of major tranquilizers advertised as anti psychotics these days. Sherry, your story is both funny and tragic. I love the DOT as a historical relic but the fact that it is still relied on to determine how government funds are finally allotted to citizens is, as you know, horrible. Posted by: Sally at January 12, 2010 02:36 AMPost a comment
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