January 05, 2010

Polypharmacy Doubles In Ten Years

A new study out in the Archives of General Psychiatry reveals just how much polypharmacy has exploded over the last 10 years to 15 years. I'll let it speak for itself.

"Results: There was an increase in the number of psychotropic medications prescribed across years; visits with 2 or more medications increased from 42.6% in 1996-1997 to 59.8% in 2005-2006; visits with 3 or more medications increased from 16.9% to 33.2% (both P < .001). The median number of medications prescribed in each visit increased from 1 in 1996-1997 to 2 in 2005-2006 (mean increase: 40.1%). The increasing trend of psychotropic polypharmacy was mostly similar across visits by different patient groups and persisted after controlling for background characteristics. Prescription for 2 or more antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedative-hypnotics, and antidepressant-antipsychotic combinations, but not other combinations, significantly increased across survey years. There was no increase in prescription of mood stabilizer combinations. In multivariate analyses, the odds of receiving 2 or more antidepressants were significantly associated with a diagnosis of major depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.44; 99% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-4.58); 2 or more antipsychotics, with schizophrenia (OR, 6.75; 99% CI, 3.52-12.92); 2 or more mood stabilizers, with bipolar disorder (OR, 15.46; 99% CI, 6.77-35.31); and 2 or more sedative-hypnotics, with anxiety disorders (OR, 2.13; 99% CI, 1.41-3.22).

"Conclusions: There has been a recent significant increase in polypharmacy involving antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. While some of these combinations are supported by clinical trials, many are of unproven efficacy. These trends put patients at increased risk of drug-drug interactions with uncertain gains for quality of care and clinical outcomes."

Actually, almost all psychotropic polypharmacy is not supported by clinical trials (there are exceptions when it comes to mood stabilizer plus atypical for bipolar disorder, where there are FDA approvals for such combos) and there aren't even many post-marketing meta studies on these kinds of combinations (your Prozac plus Depakote plus Abilify kind of nonsense). So the almost doubling of polypharmacy from the mid-90s to the mid-00s strikes me as little more than experimental overprescribing. And that ain't good.

Posted by Philip Dawdy at January 5, 2010 12:03 AM
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Comments

Isn't DTC (Direct to Consumer)grand? how about successful campaigns ala Viva Zyprexa! and Abilify for bipolar! once those ads got to the consumers, (not to leave out that little sad blob from the Zoloft tv ad days)one must remember the drug reps got to the doctors first, and most ALL anti depressants are rx'd via PCPs besides Seroquel for insomnia, etc. I'd bet most ppl received those 2 categories of drugs from a PCP not a psychiatrist, which is dangerous medicine practice in my opinion!

Posted by: Stephany at January 5, 2010 03:07 AM

It's great to see pharma has come such a long way in the area of psychiatric drugs... They are so effective that you need to take 5 different varieties at once, constantly have to tweak their dose, come off them when side effects get too bad, add more to combat the side effects, etc... Thanks for making downtrodden people's lives that much better, Pharma!


Posted by: Scott at January 5, 2010 08:08 AM

Amen. This is very disturbing:

"While some of these combinations are supported by clinical trials, many are of unproven efficacy. These trends put patients at increased risk of drug-drug interactions with uncertain gains for quality of care and clinical outcomes."

As I read around online, patients again and again list the different cocktails they are on, each one different from the next. Anecdotally speaking, it seems to be becoming the norm.

I recently read a book on Bipolar 2 in which the author talks about all the wonderful help that's now available, and then confesses she's on two antidepressants, one mood stabilizer, and a low dose of Seroquel. This is for MILD bp.

Psychiatry itself is sick.

Posted by: Miranda at January 5, 2010 09:06 AM

Yes, it's a very disturbing trend. One incentive for pharma to push this trend, besides the obvious profit factor, is the way in which taking multiple drugs clouds the legal liability issue. It becomes hard to blame outcomes on one particular drug (not easy at the best of times) and thus limits the possibility for patients to take legal action. I do believe that this is part of the motivation behind educating doctors that multiple drugs are "needed." Very nefarious.

Posted by: Sara at January 5, 2010 09:36 AM

P.S. It is interesting though that the article appears to be written from the point of view that maybe this isn't the greatest thing ever to happen in the field of psychiatry. An ever so slightly cautionary note is being sounded. I consider that progress, albeit not very impressive and long overdue.

Posted by: Sara at January 5, 2010 09:40 AM

Yeah, I used to assume that when they mixed all these drugs together there was some scientific evidence that it was effective - that there had been clinical trials, etc. We were part of an experiment without the informed consent part, and many still are.

Posted by: Lisa at January 5, 2010 05:37 PM

Can anybody tell me whether this polypharmacy trend is a purely American phenomenon?

From my experiences with psychiatry, it seems that any newer medication tends to be viewed as exciting and therefore better. (Which maybe just points to how jaded and hopeless some doctors are?) Meanwhile, a friend of mine who moved overseas is being tapered off most of her meds and was switched from her fancy new antidepressant to a tricyclic; it's the first time i've ever heard of anyone taking a tricyclic.

Posted by: Sarah at January 5, 2010 07:13 PM
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