May 28, 2009

Five Reasons New Mouse Model Of Depression Is Suspect

There's a new study out in Neuron explaining a mouse model of depression, neurogenesis and anti-depressant treatment. Here's how it's explained in a press release:

"'[A]nxiety/depression-like changes in behavior have been linked with a decrease in cell proliferation in the hippocampus, a change that is reversed by antidepressants,' [said one of the researchers]

"Dr. David, Dr. Rene Hen from Columbia University, and their colleagues created a mouse model of depressive and anxiety disorders to investigate mechanisms of antidepressant action. Previous research confirmed that long-term exposure to glucocorticoids induces anxiety and a depressive-like state in rodents and elevated glucocorticoid levels have been linked with depression and anxiety in humans. 'We developed an anxiety/depression-like model based on elevation of glucocorticoid levels that offered an easy and reliable alternative to existing models,' explains Dr. David."

To me, the model is kind of weak because 1) it rests on the assumption that you can create a comparative model of human depression in mice (animal models aren't particularly tightly overlapped with human systems except with some processes such as vision in monkeys) and, 2) it uses mouse anti-socialiaty and listlessness in mice as a proxy for human depression and that's laughable and, 3) the entire model rests on strictly biological causes of depression and last time I checked the biological basis of depression had not been proven (although maybe it has been in mice!) and, 4) I've not seen the whole anti-depressants create neurogenesis and that's good for depression established in human studies, and 5) the whole depression-is-in-the-hippocampus theory remains unproven in humans.

Other than that, I'm sure this new mouse model of depression is perfectly wonderful.

In all seriousness, it's an interesting enough model as these things go and if it ever proves out, then that'll be even more interesting and perhaps really helpful. But that'll be at least five years and maybe longer.

Stay tuned.

Posted by Philip Dawdy at May 28, 2009 12:01 AM
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Comments

I just learned primate brains, very similar to humans brains don't get Alzheimers.

LINK

WEDNESDAY, May 27 (HealthDay News) -- New British research provides more evidence that the bits of gunk in the brain known as plaques and tangles don't necessarily lead to Alzheimer's disease, as many experts have long believed.

In fact, the study found that many people over the age of 75 had signs of significant clogging in their brains but still managed to avoid senility.

Posted by: mark p.s.2 at May 28, 2009 05:35 AM

Psychiatric diagnosis is based on self-disclosure.

One really has to talk to the patient to know what is going on. If these guys can talk to mice there is money to be made.

If these docs have an agent? Wow. Folks would pay good money to see this.

I could fill Madison Square Garden, the Meadowlands even at $50 a head! Think VEGAS!

My agents fees alone would put me into the high income bracket.

If anyone has a phone number, please pass it along
by a private email.

Vince

Posted by: vince_19805 at May 28, 2009 08:21 AM

I put the wrong link in
LINK

MONDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Scientists have long noticed a curious phenomenon among primates: Humans get the devastating neurological disorder known as Alzheimer's disease, but their closest evolutionary cousins don't.

Even more inexplicable is the fact that chimpanzee and other non-human primate brains do get clogged with the same protein plaques that are believed by many to cause the disease in humans.

Posted by: mark p.s.2 at May 28, 2009 09:15 AM

I'm willing to buy into the theory that biology affects depression and depression affects biology. Let's remember, folks, our bodies are one elaborate feedback mechanism and it goes two ways and is never static. I'm even willing to admit that neurons dying in one part of the brain might be the result of depression -- it doesn't mean it's irreversible by natural processes. I am not willing to admit that drugs causing neuronal growth means anything good at all. The chances of this being natural, healthy neuronal growth are zip given what we know about the toxicity of psych drugs. It's some catastrophic reaction to toxic assault is my theory.

Posted by: Sara at May 28, 2009 09:30 AM

Some years ago I coined Carroll's Dictum:

The Model is not the Disease.

None of the cardinal symptoms or signs of human depression is mediated by the hippocampus.

If this interesting basic behavioral neuroscience research generates "translational" benefit most likely it will be serendipitous. Remember John Cade in the 1940s -- he was testing an erroneous model of mania and he accidentally stumbled on lithium, which has stood the test of time in therapeutics. He was one of my teachers and I always credit him with having had the wit to recognize what he saw.

Posted by: Bernard Carroll at May 28, 2009 10:06 AM

Strange. I thought that increasing the hippocampus was a side effect of antidepressants that was discovered after it's use.
I wrote a post about chemical and behavioral increase of the hippocampus.
http://justana-justana.blogspot.com/2009/04/increase-of-hippocampus-chemical-versus.html

"Furthermore SSRIs have been used in the treatment of PTSD. One study found that after a year of SSRI treatments, subjects with PTSD had a 5% increase in hippocampal volume and a 35% increase in memory function (Bremner, 2006)*. Together, these findings indicate a variety of reasons why SSRIs may be beneficial for offenders with multiple paraphilias." p. 547 (emphasis mine)

There is a study by Eleonor Maguire, et all, that has studied London cab-drivers that have been submitted to "The Knowledge", a rigorous test where they must learn a large number of places and the most direct routes between them, and succeeded.
After comparing them to those who have not studied for this text it was found that London taxi-driver s's hippocampi have increased.

I believe that the behavioral way is far more better.
I've just remembered that people with Alzheimer who plays an instrument don't lose their musical memory like the other memories.
Perhaps there are other ways of dealing with it.
The brain, the brain... this not known organ.

Posted by: Ana at May 28, 2009 02:42 PM

I love mouse models of mental illness. Especially schizophrenia. How does a mouse know when he or she is being hounded by the CIA or FBI? Or hears voices or sees dead people?

Posted by: Tom at May 28, 2009 07:02 PM
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