November 17, 2008DSM-V Criticized In LA Times Op-Ed For Lack Of TransparencyChristopher Lane, a professor of English at Northwestern University and author of last year's "Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness," had an excellent op-ed in yesterday's Los Angeles Times, flagging for the public just how contentious matters have become around the development of DSM-V. "The bone of contention: whether the next revision of America's psychiatric bible, the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," should be done openly and transparently so mental health professionals and the public could follow along, or whether the debates should be held in secret." DSM-IV, which came out in 1994, was rife with researchers flush with pharma funding devising new psychiatric disorders, none more prominent than bipolar disorder type 2, introduced in that edition of psychiatry's so-called Bible. DSM-V is due in 2012 or 2011 (depending on which account one is reading at what time) and it's now come out that Robert Spitzer, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University, is hopping mad about what he characterizes as a closed door around the creation of DSM-V. It's already been reported that DSM-V's creators have deep ties to Lord Pharma. When someone like Spitzer gets riled-up about the DSM, then you know something goofy is going on. Spitzer was the main creator of 1980's DSM-III, which introduced the concept of disorders to mental illness and tried to cast the whole thing as science-based, and has remained influential in the psych establishment ever since. As it turns out the current DSM writing crew is refusing to let Spitzer have a look-see at their deliberations and minutes. Perhaps that's because word is the APA-assembled crew is considering some wacky new disorders to become fully enfranchised as mental illnesses. As Lane notes: "Hanging in the balance is whether, four years from now, a set of questionable behaviors with names such as "Apathy Disorder," "Parental Alienation Syndrome," "Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder," "Compulsive Buying Disorder," "Internet Addiction" and "Relational Disorder" will be considered full-fledged psychiatric illnesses.... Those are some very odd disorders indeed and sure are consistent with a push I've seen in other quarters of psych research to have 50 percent of Americans diagnosed with some form or other of mental illness--at which point the term abnormal psychology will have lost all meaning. I'm pleased Lane flagged this squabble within the academy because as goes the DSM so goes psychiatry, courts, social work and education the world over. What's going on with the new DSM deserves much more media attention then it's gotten to date, but unfortunately with 5,000 or so journalists in the US having been laid off in the last few months there may not be anyone around to bird dog the process in the press. That'd kind of suck because it sounds like it's going to be a grand show. Like Lane, I'm not interested in embarrassing anyone, but apathy disorder? Really? Once that's defined, "treated" and "cured," where will the world look for a source of literature and popular music? What's the need to have one and all in line with the mainstream social order and all hyper-effecient at work? Strikes me as a boring arrangement. One small nit I have with Lane's op-ed--and this is really more addendum than nit--is that he didn't mention that bipolar disorder is once again going to be on center stage in debates around the new DSM. Serious consideration is being given to including a new bipolar disorder type 3 or subthreshold bipolar disorder. Also up for inclusion is child bipolar disorder, which is a very controversial diagnosis. This summer, you may recall, the FDA went off on its own and declared pediatric bipolar disorder a valid diagnosis, and then offered a very sloppy set of consensus statements by researchers to support its conclusion. What's more, the FDA's chief of psychiatry products had been intimately involved in helping researchers and pharma companies design the diagnosis--and that's the kind of conflict of interest that no one should support. It will be interesting to see where the APA takes concerns like Spitzer and Lane's (and mine and yours). You can read the original exchange of letters between Spitzer and APA President Nana Stotland--who incidentally doesn't believe that anti-depressants can induce suicidality--here and here. I interviewed Lane about his book last year. Posted by Philip Dawdy at November 17, 2008 12:03 AM
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"was rife with researchers flush with pharma funding devising new psychiatric disorders, none more prominent than bipolar disorder type 2" Huh? So your saying that bipolar type 2 doesn't exist? Or that it's over diagnosed thanks to big pharma? Posted by: Felix at November 17, 2008 12:29 AMreading quite a bit into that felix, but as you wish. my point was that most of the dsm-iv writers had pharma money in their lives and the big new dx in that edition--as in millions of people were dx'd rightly and wrongly--was bp2. end of point. Posted by: Philip Dawdy at November 17, 2008 01:25 AMI was told by someone who is working on the DSM V, and has since become a pharma whore, that the whole bipolar paradigm was going to change, they were going to make 5 catagories of bipolar, - Bipolar1 and 2 as before, but changed unipolar to a subset of bipolar, since it is starting to attract followers that unipolar is bipolar waiting to happen. I was also told that schizophrenia/schizoaffective were going to change to subsets of bipolar as well. A lot can happen between 2008 and 2012. So I won't hold my breath. But I have met David Kupfer who is in charge of the DSM V and he struck me as a nice person, as well as his wife, ellen frank who is also working on the DSM V. But then, you can be a nice person and an asshat at the same time... imho. Posted by: susan at November 17, 2008 02:39 AMIt would seem to me that something that effects so many people (and so much money) would have some sort of public feedback process. Since this will probably touch millions of lives, some positively, others more ambiguously, and everyone at a high price, are we limited to blog posts, comments, and the rarer op-ed in major daily papers to bring attention to this? It is troubling to me that such a major issue is going to be left to rumors and spin--I'm sure Susan does know what she's talking about but it's nothing that can be reported, and I'm sure that no one needs examples of the spin Pharma is capable of producing to get its way--and nothing can be done to generate more public interest, debate and accountability? Um, no. I'll admit I don't have the first clue how media works, how to get attention, or how to get started even, but just hoping that some journalist is going to pick up the story is all? A closed door, ultra-secret decision making process that will effect millions and generate billions for a "dirty" and "scandalous" industry isn't enough to get a few editors excited? If not then what's the point of media anymore? Surely that kind of story could fit into almost every single news category today: business, politics, lifestyle, celebrity--just go find some new cultural icon with Type 35 Ambiguous Internet Disorder--science and technology, etc. Keep up the good work. I love this site! Posted by: Andrew at November 17, 2008 07:55 AMWe're going to need bigger guns to fight these diagnoses. But we have time. It is true that Dr. Spitzer's third edition of the DSM (1980) successfully deleted homosexuality as a diagnosis. His research, however, indicated erroneously that gays need not be gay, that they can change if they want to change with reparative therapy. This finding (even then suspect) is thought to have caused hundreds of unsuspecting gay men and women psychological damage, shame for having failed to "change" even though they wanted to. Reparative treatment, I'm pretty sure, is now considered sketchy at best, and unethical at worst, according to the APA and NASW. What will he have shoppers do? Give all of their money to charity? Posted by: therapydoc at November 17, 2008 01:07 PMThe whole DSM makes me tired to be honest even though I know that there are clusters of symptoms that go together and perhaps it can be helpful for a therapist to understand this. Still there are so many people who come up to me and describe their loved ones as "really bipolar" as if this revelation is the be all and end all to every problem that ever existed. The relief in their voices is tangible while I roll my eyes and try to keep myself from screaming, especially when this "truth" is determined after some course on antidepressants or some other psych drug. The problem with the DSM is that it takes attention away from the narrative of someone's life and this is what is truly important, not the predictive power of some stupid group of symptoms or behaviors. Posted by: Sara at November 17, 2008 01:39 PMI stopped reading this blog a long time ago due to how much misinformation it contains ... perhaps due to a lack of transparency, perhaps due to a failure to connect all of the puzzle pieces together. Regardless, after I read the LA Times editorial I was certain you'd have something to write about it. You are aware that the Research Agenda for DSM-V can be read - by ANYONE, for free, at the APPI website, right? http://appi.org/book.cfm?id=2292 This has been available to the public (e.g., those without academic access) for some time now. I'm sure you'll have a blast dissecting it and posting every out-of-context phrase you can find. Also, Susan: You're wrong about the Bipolar/Unipolar/Schizoaffective changes for DSM-V. There will be changes made, but not the ones you're describing. I can't comment any further on that. Posted by: Kat at November 17, 2008 01:46 PMreaders should know that i have queried 'kat'--who works in the psych field--and asked her to identify the misinformation this site spreads around. i'll let you know if she replies. Posted by: Philip Dawdy at November 17, 2008 02:29 PM"Lack of transparency"? Would that be victims and survivors not identifying themselves by their full names or what is "Kat" referring to? That's pretty rich to have someone in the psych field accusing this poor old site of having a lack of transparency when the whole psych profession and big pharma together are replete with major conflicts of interest that are rarely fully disclosed. And "a failure to connect all the puzzle pieces"? You must be kidding. You mean such things as identifying withdrawal for what it really is instead of a relapse to some bogus disorder? I think we're putting the jigsaw together pretty well, thanks -- a lot better than those professionals who like to tell people they're going to be "medicated for life" on the basis of a 15 minute interview. Posted by: Sara at November 17, 2008 02:58 PMKat, 4 the record, Philip knows who my source is, but I cannot reveal it right now. I also believe Dr. Goodwin's latest edition of his Bipolar book hints at the same thing. But like I said, what they are saying NOW and what goes into final print in the next four years- anything can happen. Personally, I wouldn't be surprised if there are big changes in number 5. I mean, if it is mostly the same as number 4, no one would buy the update!!
Susan says: "But changed unipolar to a subset of bipolar since it is starting to attract followers that unipolar is bipolar waiting to happen". I believe Susan and not Kat. Why would there be a Prozac Survivors Support Group, a Paxil Progress group, an Effexor Activisit Group, an antidepressant facts group, etc. etc., if not for the fact that almost all of these people, both 'depressed' and whatever else- are actually going to be drive insane by antidepressants. It was known as early as 1958 that antidepressants could cause psychosis and paranoia - even in 'normal' people. So now we have www.SSRIstories.com with over 2,700 cases of people going nuts on SSRIs and SNRIs [and being reported in the media that they were taking these antidepressants] and finally it is "beginning to attract followers that unipolar is bipolar waiting to happen". Of course, this 'bipolar waiting to happen' is not true bipolar, which is actually quite rare. This is artificially, chemically induced bipolar which is happening at an astouding rate all over the world since the intro of Prozac - and every 6th or 7th person began taking Prozac or other SSRIs/SNRIs. As for the DSM - it is crazy [oxymoron!]. It consists of a list of symptoms and nothing more - no narrative about how or why - what the person's narrative story is, as Sara so exquisitely stated. If only Andrea Yates' physician had asked her if anyone in the family was on lithium. If he had been a competent shrink, then he would have known that the fact that Andrea's father had been on lithium for years would be part of a narrative story and he wouldn't have given her an almost double does of the max for Effexor and then added Remeron, another antidepressant, in her last office visit. If the shrink had only asked if anyone in the family had died recently [Andrea's father] and had she just had a baby - then this narrative would have pointed to the possiblity of a "moodiness" coming to the forefront. If the shrink had warned Andrea and Rusty that Effexor had listed as an adverse reaction "homicidal ideation", then perhaps Andrea's live-in-help wouldn't have left her alone for two hours on that fateful morning. The DSM is useless & frivilous. What's more - it is dangerous. God bless the souls of the Yates' children. Posted by: Rosie at November 17, 2008 06:12 PMThanks to Kat for the above link, looks like a long night ahead. I'm with Sarah on being burnt out on the DSM, but looks like the thorough vetting is in order. I'm somewhat familiar with 2 of the proposed additions and I have to wonder if the DSM is potentially shifting toward psychological issues verses strictly psychiatric disorders? I think that would be a good step, myself. Narrative is implied in at least 2 of those new additions, in what's been floated as Relational Disorder, which I've been on board with since 2002. But I think most severe and persistent mental pathology is rooted in relational disorders, whether it's called "mental illness" or "fucked up beyond belief" so getting the Other in place is a positive radical step in my opinion. And it does not skirt the bounds of the DSM, which is not a manual of mental "illness" but mental "disorder", which is actually consistent with its mission and fine by me. "Relational " locates the disorder as social rather than constitutional. And the counseling verses medicalizing of Relational I'd feel alot more hopeful about that if not for the potential inclusion of that other narrative approach known as Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) which is a sexist "mens rights" construct that was created by mens advocates to win custody battles. Until now I'm pretty sure PAS fell under the rubric of PSYCHOLOGY verses PSYCHIATRY, and the American Psychological Association has defined PAS as a fake, politically motivated "disorder" and denounced the use of psychologists as expert witnesses in divorce proceedings. At least that's where things stood as of a few years ago when I stopped researching the whole tiresome mess, but looks like it's back again. In sum, I'm wondering if the new DSM going to become inclusive of psychological disorder and if these additions would fall on AXIS I as full-blown mental impairments. Where can I find the answers to these questions, and are they good questions? Anyone?
Dear Philip: The DSM has been corrupt, and will stay corrupt as long as it exists! Labels make money! More labels, more drugs, more therapy, and the final outcome are more monies flowing into the pockets of the Mental Health establishment! It would be nice to believe these so called professionals were actually looking out for the best interest of the public and patient's; but by now we know that is about as far from the truth as it can get and pure illusion. DSM has never been about treatment! It’s a diagnostic tool used to bill insurance companies and the government, and then as an added bonus feature; it labels people for life! It has never treated or cured a single patient from the day of its conception. They might as well make it in a popup book format with cute picture and cartoons; at least then it would be entertaining, and taken for what it is "fantasy". Yours Truly, The only reason I want to give someone a "relational" diagnosis is so I can pracice family counseling and get reimbursed by third party payers without using a fake diagnosis such as adjustment disorders. I think it is vital to treat families/couples and not just inidividuals, and thus I hope that the inclusion of relational diagnoses will make this easier. It is sad that this is the system to work through in order to do proper therapy, since I don't really want to think of my families as disordered. ...lousy health insurance companies. Posted by: Matthew at February 16, 2009 09:38 AMPost a comment
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