May 28, 2008

New ADHD Study Pimps ADHD Workplace Screening

Most of you probably saw somewhere in the news yesterday that a new study (here's the pdf) is out asserting that adults with ADHD cost their employers 22 work days a year in lost productivity. The study asserts as well that the prevalence of ADHD in the 10 countries studied runs at 3.5 percent with men being the primary diagnosees. One of the study co-authors is Ronald Kessler, a psychiatrist and public health policy big shot at Harvard.

Then the study researchers went on to say some things that really played into my fears that some of the public health sorts in the mental health world would really love to create a nanny state where governmental and public health paternalism reign supreme and citizens obey their commandments. I'll come to all of that in a second.

There are plenty of reasons to not lend much credence to the findings of the study. First, any time Kessler gets a hold of a disorder, its prevalence is always underestimated and work days are being needlessly lost (I tend not to trust researchers who always issue the same cry). Not long ago, it was Kessler who cranked out a study asserting that 50 percent of Americans have a DSM condition, a fairly preposterous assertion that gives new meaning to "abnormal psychology." Second, this current study uses a self-reported survey method to pick apart folks' psychological health and job performance. It's not the most reliable arrow in the psych researcher's quiver. Third, this study was supported by a grant from Eli Lilly (see the disclosures at the end of the paper). Say no more.

What amused the hell out of me was watching the US and British press jump all over this study as if it contained buried treasure.

Health Day News: "Dr. David W. Goodman, director of the Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Center in Luthersville, Md., agreed that ADHD is an 'under-diagnosed and under-recognized psychiatric condition that causes a tremendous amount of disability in the work environment.'

"And while he supports the idea of screening workers for ADHD, Goodman, who is also an assistant professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University, worries that "identifying workers with ADHD raises the possibility for discrimination.'"

WebMD: "'People with ADHD have more sick days and lower performance when they work,' Kessler tells WebMD. 'This is one of those hidden illnesses in the workplace.'"

And so it went through newspapers, wires and websites. Apparently, reporters don't read studies in their entirety and since I am a reporter that kind of bugs me. Why?

Right at the end of the paper, there was this assessment of the "policy implications" from the authors, which sent chills down my civil libertarian spine:

"The above results raise the question whether adult ADHD is a candidate for targeted workplace screening and treatment programs. Short screening scales that are both sensitive and specific for adult ADHD exist. It might be cost-effective from the employer perspective to implement workplace screening programs with such a scale to detect and provide treatment for workers with ADHD. The thinking here is that ADHD among workers has non-trivial prevalence, high impairment and a low rate of treatment, whereas cost-effective therapies exist that are related to improvements in some objective aspects of role performance. The obvious next step from a public health perspective, given these findings, is to evaluate the extent to which best-practices outreach and treatment would result in improvement in functioning that might have a positive return-on-investment for employers." (Emphasis mine.)

No, Dr. Kessler those kinds of policy implications just aren't where you should be taking your nanny state express. You are asking a question that's just stupid and you are poking into private realms that you shouldn't touch. If workers aren't super-productive at all times and it's OK with their bosses, then who cares? I've been watching researchers like Kessler wrap their medicate-the-masses arguments in the cloak of we're-helping-business-productivity for years. I'm growing tired of it.

But what worries me about studies like these--part of the WHO's World Mental Health Survey Initiative--is that they seem to have no boundaries. Because what Kessler is driving at is a universe where there would be ADHD screenings as part of pre-employment interviews and, maybe, to get a promotion. If you want the job, then you'll take Adderall. Then come the mandatory drug tests. If you aren't taking your Adderall, you get fired. If you think I am joking, I recall back when workplace drug testing became standard at some companies and they went looking for pot use among employees (some even test for alcohol). I thought for sure that the courts would never support such an intrusion into peoples' private lives, but they sure did. I worry about a similar dynamic erupting here as well. It creeps me out even more that the United Nations is somehow involved in this push.

For some reason, I am more concerned about this sort of intrusion into everyday Americans' lives than I am by the specter of discrimination against people with ADHD (I'm concerned about that too, but by comparison with what goes down for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, it's not even in the same ball park).

Isn't America already the most (or second most) productive country in the world? Don't Americans already work more hours per week than just about any people on Earth? We're already working our butts off, the price of everything is going up dramatically, our wages are largely stagnant. Why do we need to perform even more? Who is this kind of policy wonk talk really serving? Workers? Eli Lilly? Harvard? Boeing?

I'm not sure I want to live in a world that the Ron Kesslers of the world imagine, where every little slip in performance becomes an occasion to be sent to the company psychologist.

What about you?

Posted by Philip Dawdy at May 28, 2008 12:01 AM
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Comments

I have this theory that the rise in use of drugs that promote wakefulness including the speed drugs prescribed for adhd as well as cocaine and meth is to some extent because Americans are required to work so many hours just to survive. And, as always when some condition starts getting press as hidden and underdiagnosed, you have to wonder how these guys know the condition is underdiagnosed. Furthermore, the big work place problem in this country is unemployment, not lack of productivity.

Posted by: Sally at May 28, 2008 03:20 AM

Why bother with expensive testing? Why not just make stimulant treatment a requirement of the job? Let's wring all the productivity we can out of the poor buggers...

Posted by: Jazz at May 28, 2008 05:50 AM

The good people from Shire (makers of Adderall, Adderall XR and Vyvanse) are already picking up the tab for the screeening:

PHILADELPHIA, May 12 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Shire plc , the global specialty biopharmaceutical company, today announced the launch of a 13-city mobile screening initiative for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 4.4 percent of the U.S. adult population aged 18-44 according to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey. The screening initiative, launched in Atlanta, GA, is designed to help raise awareness that ADHD is not just a childhood disorder. Research shows it is estimated that up to 65 percent of children with ADHD will continue to exhibit symptoms into adulthood. Adults who think they may have ADHD can take the first step toward recognizing the symptoms of the disorder by answering the 6-question World Health Organization (W.H.O.) adult ADHD screener. The screening initiative, known as the "RoADHD Trip," is housed, transported and anchored by the RoADHD Trip Tractor Trailer which expands into a tented area housing eight self-screening stations...

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4PRN/is_2008_May_12/ai_n25407447

Posted by: Robyn at May 28, 2008 06:10 AM

The drug companies have been behind every single one of these mental health universal screening ideas. Like the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. How about, before we start screening every citizen for mental health problems, if we first address the possibly-more-important issue of: mental health care coverage. Oh, wait: maybe we should put heath care coverage before that. No, let's just give these ADHD screeners and threaten people with their jobs.

Posted by: Row1 at May 28, 2008 07:50 AM

We need to get back to the way America was. This report will help. You know like back when workers were given cocaine to be more alert and work faster...Cocaine was a safe drug and there was "no provable" harm or bad long term studies.

The bonus if they didn't show up to work they got ill. Days off would cause withdrawal unless you have the drug for a home stash. Dependant workers work harder, longer and speak up less than a person who is treated decent and not impaired. The more you abuse workers, the more abuse they'll take. Pretty soon they start to believe they aren't working hard enough ...not fast enough....not..... for good ol' animal farm. Its scary how bad we're looping back to turn of the last century behavior and human/worker rights/treatments and justification.

If this person doesn't want to take cocaine or insert any "new stimulant" they need to be fired because they don't want to work...."Look at what great medicine this company was willing to give them for free"....Because everyone's coworkers are slackers and need to do more of the share of the work...... Any worker who isn't in a severe manic state doing their job tasks is sick in the head....

Its not that the shill report is that bad, its that its a sign of how much we think we should force things onto another and that every should preform at this hard level of high performance. Anything less you know like working at a sane and careful pace is failure even though a few years ago that failure was considered a good performance level. Fanaticism at its finest.

The one poetic thing is as the over achievers age and they can't keep up they get swept under the rugs by the aggressive levels of work output they created. But even then, they won't get it.

Posted by: h at May 28, 2008 08:33 AM

BTW on the subject of some reporters not reporting studies correctly, you might find Bed Goldacre's site interesting:

www.badscience.net

He also writes for the Guardian newspaper, mostly articles analysing misleading reporting in the national UK press on various health issues.

I have no connection with the guy - I just like his column and website...

Posted by: DeeDee Ramona at May 28, 2008 02:58 PM

One of the most disturbing thing about this story, I think, is it's strong undertones of fascism. I believe one of the characteristics of a fascistic society is it's merging of the interests of business and government. The obsession with productivity at all costs seems to also be an expression of something similar.

I believe the hyper-competitive nature of the American job market today is part of the reason why so many people need drugs of a psychiatric nature just to get by. As more and more of the fruits of most people's labors are skimmed off the top by an elite few, people must engage in an ever-more brutal struggle just to get their piece of the constantly shrinking economic pie. I'm not sure of the exact statistics, but I'm pretty sure it is true that the U.S. already is one of the most productive countries on Earth, and Americans work more hours per week on average than just about any other country in the world.

For an influential, highly paid psychiatrist to be acting in the interests of government and big business at the expense of most individuals is certainly nothing new.

Posted by: Kent at May 28, 2008 09:52 PM

As someone with the AD(H)D diagnosis -- and is not now on any medications -- what I find most worrisome about this study and the attendant publicity is that someone will realize that the most cost effective way to reduce the productivity lost to AD(H)D employees is to ensure that AD(H)D employees are not hired in the first place.

As it stands today the game plan for some one who is AD(H)D or has a psychiatric disorder is to get the job and somehow hang on until they are eligible for health insurance. Once you have the health coverage you can then attempt to get the care you need to ensure that you can keep the job. Of course you need to keep that job because it's the only way to get the care you need...

Speaking of the workplace, fascism and stimulants one could look at the sanctioned doling out of methamphetamine for the production line workers of Imperial Japan as a precedent.

Remember if you get it from the street corner dealer it's meth. If a doctor prescribes it, it's Desoxyn...

Posted by: Sam Lowry at May 28, 2008 11:34 PM
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