January 09, 2008

America's Drug Hypocrisy

Bruce Levine, a clinical psychologist, has a fascinating piece on Alternet examining the the hypocrisy around which drugs are legal and illegal in our culture. The short story is that people go to jail or are pushed onto the streets for using drugs deemed illegal in America while tens of millions of Americans take drugs that are legal to create analogous feelings of no depression but which are in some ways just as destructive as the illegal drugs and have the same basic mechanism of action.

The differences between cocaine, meth and ADHD drugs in effect, mechanism and so on is not that great. Neither are the differences that great between Paxil, an SSRI anti-depressant, and marijuana--at least in why people seek out the drugs, regardless of whether they are getting said drugs from a pharmacy or a drug dealer. What's frustrating when you consider it is that Paxil is perfectly legal and pot is largely illegal and responsible for about 700,000 prison sentences a year in this country. Yet from 1998 to 2005, Paxil is linked to the deaths of 850 Americans while pot is linked to the deaths of no one. As far as I know, no one has gone to jail for Paxil use.

Everyone is going to have a slightly different set of reasons for why this this situation persists--racism, religion, law enforcement bias, cultural blindness, etc. Those are all legit in my book. But the larger core issue is along the lines of what Levine gets at: major corporations make billions of dollars off of legal drugs but would make much less money from what are currently illegal drugs (unless Lilly reformulated pot as a long-acting injection!) because they are mostly natural compounds and therefore unpatentable. The media is largely silent about this hypocrisy because it would be attacking the source of billions a year in advertising revenue, and so the song remains the same.

As Levine puts it:

"The illegal-psychiatric drug hypocrisy in the U.S. is an ugly triumph. It is a triumph of marketing over science. It is a triumph for pharmaceutical corporations and America's ever-growing prison-industrial complex. It is a triumph for those comfortably atop society who would rather Americans view their malaise as exclusively a medical rather than a social problem. And ultimately, it is a triumph of injustice and greed over human rights and a sane society."

I am certainly no defender of cocaine use (especially crack cocaine which makes some people crazier than powdered cocaine ever could), heroin and meth. At the shelter where I've been working, I see far too many examples of people who have been ripped apart by the use of these drugs and only have a small chance of ever getting their lives and health back. But to put them on the streets over it is far too big a price to force them to pay when they were largely taking these same drugs (well, at least initially) to address the same set of psychological ills for which people take legal drugs such as Prozac.

Posted by Philip Dawdy at January 9, 2008 01:37 PM
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Great post. I often think of the similarities between legal and illegal psych drugs. Perhaps it was first drawn to my attention when Joseph Glenmullen wrote that some of his patients described Prozac as an attenuated form of cocaine. Certainly there is a direct relationship too between stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall and methamphetamine as well as cocaine again too. I think at one time maybe earlier in the 20th century cocaine was viewed as the same kind of miracle cure that psych drugs are today. Maybe sometime in the very distant future all these drugs currently in vogue will end up being illegal substances (as they probably should be) when they are no longer money makers for big industry. The point is doctors, perhaps unwittingly but perhaps not, are making us into a country of addicts. And big pharma encourages it because it makes them billions. It's a perfect storm of interests between consumers (patients who want an easy fix), doctors who want to be scientific rather than empathic, and big pharma that wants long term customers who have no choice but to keep buying the product.

Posted by: Sara at January 9, 2008 03:02 PM

Reminds me of a homeless woman I met with several times. She told me she would rather use meth than Seroquel, being that she had compared both. Also, this brings to mind the woman I met inside a psych ward who told me she had just got "clean" and was trying so hard not to go back on meth, and begged for them not to discharge her to the shelter. --They did.

Posted by: Stephany at January 9, 2008 04:37 PM

P.S. Make that "scientific" in quotes or pseudoscientific.

Posted by: Sara at January 9, 2008 04:43 PM

Well, it was only a couple of years ago that somebody or other announced some success in treating depression with PCP! That's right, Angel Dust, the drug that was banned as an anaesthetic, owing to the agitation, delusion, and whatnot experienced by those coming out of anaesthesia.

And I can't help but have a dig at Eli for supplying LSD to the CIA for its mind control program. In fact, I was reading up on the effects of SSRIs, when I was still trying to make sense of the Chemical Imbalance theory. Apparently, more is known of their action through watching the effects of halucinogenic drugs, than by studying SSRIs themselves!

Matt

Posted by: Matthew Holford at January 9, 2008 07:03 PM

This Levine guy stole his collum idea from my blog! I'm joking, but it is similar to what I wrote.
psychsurvivor.wordpress.com/2007/12/15/stopping-the-cycle/
Drugs 1:The war on drugs (which is an offshoot of psychiatric philosophy of chemicals making decisions for people)AKA the war on poor people using drugs is a failure in terms of stopping illegal drug use, but successful in employing many police officers and building of prisons/success of the prison industry in the USA. Many people are now employed due to the war on drugs. Voters are happy the drug users are in prison (they voted the politicians into office). This is fine and well for the economy, until the economy can no longer pay for it.

Drugs 2: The working person , elite and maybe the wealthy need access to mind altering drugs and they prefer the legal kind that comes in pill form ( that the war on drugs doesn’t apply to) , rather than the dirty drugs addicts use. The normal person doesn’t get addicted, thats only for street scum and the mentally ill.(joke) This aspect of psychiatry is insidious, as people trust doctors to heal, and trust the meds prescribed to heal/sooth their non-physical mind.

Posted by: mark p.s. at January 9, 2008 08:30 PM

As doctor Loren R. Mosher M. D. stated in his 1998 letter of resignation from the American Psychiatric Association:

"A Marxist would observe that being a good capitalist organization, APA likes only those drugs from which it can derive a profit--directly or indirectly."
Our current system of social control (what else could one call a system that drives people to madness and despair and then conceals its action by stigmatizing them as genetically tainted and diseased) has it all three ways:

1. People suffer directly from drugs (both illegal and prescribed) they choose to take.
Not only do people suffer personally, but the country being flooded with drugs inhibits the natural action of human misery as an inducement to social change. Remember the Chinese opium war (fought to force China to IMPORT opium) and the use of liquor to demoralize the Native Americans during the European conquest.

2. Illegal drugs are the perfect excuse for a government to persecute its own people.
It is an open secret in the USA that the main effect of the 'war on drugs' is to maintain the permanent underclass.

3. Coercing and forcing people to take psych drugs is a great way to keep everyone in line while maintaining the fictitious trappings of 'freedom' and 'liberty.'
Modern people are so disconnected from our own selves that we accept labels of 'disease' for our emotional and 'psychological' REACTIONS to the conditions of our lives. When a person is miserable ('depressed'), this is a powerful critique of the conditions of their life. When a person performs rituals ('OCD') to try to fell some modicum of control over turbulent fate or retreats from an unbearable reality ('manic', 'psychotic', 'schizophrenic'), these REACTIONS must be suppressed so that we will continue to be good workers and consumers, rather than fundamentally questioning the arrangement of a society that is so rich yet contains so much suffering. Pretending that the root problem lies within some individuals by using a 'medical model' (a 'doctor' giving a 'patient' a 'medication') props up the stigmatization of the 'patient' as 'diseased', and serves to invalidate their implicit critique.

Plus the drugs themselves are highly toxic (ask any veterinarian about giving neuroleptics to your dog), life-shortening, and brain/mind/spirit disabling. The next generation's Elizabeth Cady Stantons and Martin Luther Kings are probably all doped up on ritalin and prozac, if not powerful neuroleptics, and this serves only the interests of people who want to prevent positive social change.


Before everyone jumps on me for being insufficiently sympathetic to people who are 'sick' and 'need' to be on drugs, please note that I believe that every adult should have the right to do what they want with their own body, including take any drug (though doctors shouldn't push psych drugs anymore than they should prescribe malt liquor or heroin), and that my perspective is informed by personally being on the wrong end of things in all three ways.

Best of luck to everyone, in all of our struggles - UnderTheThresher@hotmail.com

Posted by: UnderTheThresher at January 11, 2008 03:39 AM

I think you're right Thresher, the problem is in getting us to go there, and deal with power, class and hardball social and economic analysis. To criticize capitalism means letting the terrorists win. Why do you hate America, Thresher?

The softer model for getting these issues in the door is what they called the "bio-psycho-social" model and "vulnerability diathesis" model of mental illness; mumbo jumbo that did at least allow for an interplay of environmental triggers to activate despair and self-destruction in the constitutionally inclined, but even these bland, safe constructs are out of fashion, it's all bio-bio-bio, take your pills and resume your station.

Posted by: flawedplan at January 12, 2008 10:45 AM

Here in Atlanta two of the major news stories are Gary Hilton who tortured, murdered and decapatated a hiker while, according to the Atlanta Journal, high on psychiatric drugs, and of course Britany Spears who has missed numerous court hearing while, according to E, Entertainment News, and etc. is high on psychiatric drugs. If these two major stories had known cocaine, marijuana, goodness forbid meth, or even alcohol intoxication in common, I think the media would be putting a real spin on the dangerous addictive drug and bizzare behavior connection.

Posted by: Sally at January 15, 2008 11:20 AM
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